Some Natural Drugs, Poisons And Their Sources Written by Lazurus Long. Many of the sources of drugs are or were originally natural. The extraction of some of these is easy, for others it is a more complicated process. This article is the first in a series. In this part some of the solvents required will be detailed. The easiest way of obtaining these solvents is to go and get them from a chemical supplier. However this may not be practical for all the readers of this article so I will detail methods of preparing them fairly safely... The first solvent that you will need is chloroform (Trichloromethane). This is very easy to prepare but it requires care. You should remember that chloroform is a knockout gas. This can be exploited. A few parts per hundred in the air has interesting effects as the concentration rises sleep follows, if you are not careful death follows so be careful. The ingredients for this recipe are; Acetone (Propanone) Nail varnish remover Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) The concentrations of the solutions will probably need to be adjusted. The bleach must be converted to 2M. This means that 2 * Molecular Wt in 1 litre of water. To do this dry the bleach by evapouration and redissolve in water. (The Mol Wt of sodium hypo is 74.5g) The solution is also used in photography and can be obtained from camara supply shops. You need 120ml of sodium hypo so you need 17.8g in 120ml of water. The acetone concentration should be about right. So into the distillation flask put 3ml of acetone and 120ml of the sodium hypo, shake it, allow it to stand for a couple of mins then distill as shown below. __ _/ _\ / / \\ <- b | | \\ / \ \\ a ->|__| \\ / \ |___| <- c Place the chemicals in a ( the flask) this should be cloudy. Distill the mix gently until the oily chloroform starts to appear in the condenser (b) continue until no more oily drops appear. The mixture in c should be reasonably pure chloroform. The lower heavy layer should be kept for use. In this experiment. The Extraction of Caffeine an Alkaloid from Tea Caffeine is an alkaloid. This is a stimulant. It is easy to extract from tea bags. You need the chloroform, 20 tea bags, hot water and filtration apparatus. Boil the 20 tea bags for about 20 mins in water. Very strong tea! Pour this liquid through a muslin filter to remove any tea leaves. Squeeze the liquid out of the bags. Don't use fingers for this unless you want to stain your hands for a while! Put the liquid into a large clear jar. Pour in slowly the chloroform into the jar. Swirl this liquid very gently for about 5 mins. Don't be violent or an emulsion will form that is difficult to break up and you will have to start again. The clear layer at the base of the flask must now be removed. Use a pippete to transfer as much as possible of the clear liquid into a small beaker. This liquid must be evapourated carefully. DO NOT USE ANY FORM OF NAKED FLAME AS THE VAPOUR IS HIGHLY INFLAMMABLE. The white solid left is pure caffeine. This is a stimulant but be careful as too much is harmful. Now for the second solvent. This is the gas that used to be used to put patients to sleep before operations, Ether. This is another easy solvent to make. Again the greatest danger is from fire. You need reasonably pure alcohol. Distilled vodka is as good as any if you can't get hold of any other. You now need a source of concentrated sulphuric acid. From a car battery. Put 10ml ethanol in a flask add 8ml of sulphuric acid slowly to the contents. The flask should be kept as cold as possible preferably in ice. Distill as above at a temp of 140 degrees. The vapour coming off is very explosive so keep the collecter vessel as cold as possible. The ether in the vessel is very useful as a solvent and as a knockout gas. Small amounts cause laughter and a feeling of happiness larger amounts render you insensitive to pain and put you to sleep. Too much puts you into a very deep sleep ocassionally called death. The poison in this article is one of the easiest to use. No apparatus is required simply feed the recipient any part of the henbane plant and watch them suffer. All the parts of this plant are packed with poison so any part will do! 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